About the middle of September we usually see an uptick in calls and soil samples submitted for food plot planting recommendations. We are happy to help people manage wildlife on their property any time of the year. Mid-summer is a great time to get started.
Even in good quality, native habitats, a well-planned food plot benefits wildlife. Antler growth may increase in white tail deer when supplemental nutrition is provided. Likewise, does benefit from additional energy and protein in late September and early October after weaning their young and prior to re-breeding later in the year. Similarly wild turkey chicks benefit from nutritious seed and insects, all of which can be provided by food plots.
This is where some early planning is helpful. Mixtures of compatible plants provide a wider range of nutritional quality and serve a wider array of wildlife, but select crops intentionally and with respect to needs of species you are managing. Placement of food plots near brushy or weedy cover and a water source are additional benefits, as major habitat needs are satisfied.
Plant establishment should begin with soil testing, which should be done now prior to planting this fall. It's common to see lime included in food plot fertilizer recommendations. If you intend to include peas or clover in a seed blend, correcting acidic soil is crucial, and lime should be applied months in advance rather than on planting day. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium recommendations should also be followed. If you don't own a broadcast spreader, begin locating one now. There are a variety of models that mount to an ATV, making fertilizer application easier.
The other important task to be addressed early on is weed control. It's easier to plow and prepare a seedbed on an area devoid of weeds, and plants established in the food plot will grow better if weeds are kept in check. An ATV-mounted spray rig allows easy application of herbicides. If herbicide applications are not an option, mow the area as short as possible, and plow at least 2 weeks prior to the planting date. Plow again immediately before planting.
To achieve good germination, take pains to prepare a smooth, firm seedbed. A good rule of thumb is plow -- roll -- seed -- roll. Specifically, work the soil until the surface is smooth. Next roll the surface until firm. Broadcast seed at the recommended rate. Finally roll the area again to press the seed into the soil. Germination is reduced if seed are planted too deep or if they do not make good soil contact.
This is a lot of work, but is it really worthwhile? From a game management viewpoint, research indicates it is beneficial. Wildlife selectively browse for the highest quality forage and exhibit an increase in size and health when nutritional needs are adequately met. Perhaps another way to think of your investment in seed, fertilizer, and effort is in the number of points and size of the beams on that trophy buck, or the successful reintroduction of bobwhites to a re-purposed tall fescue pasture.
If you have questions about soil testing, seed mixes and rates, herbicides, or planting practices, feel free to call your Benton County Extension office at 479-271-1060.
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Editorial on 08/24/2016